Antarctique

L’Antarctique (prononcé [ɑ̃.taʁk.tik] ^Écouter) est le continent le plus méridional de la Terre. Situé autour du pôle Sud, il est entouré de l’océan Austral (ou océan Antarctique) et bordé par les mers de Ross et de Weddell.

Avec une superficie de 14 millions de kilomètres carrés, l’Antarctique est plus petit que l’Asie, l’Afrique ou l’Amérique ; seules l’Europe et l’Océanie sont plus petites que lui. Quelque 98 % de sa surface sont recouverts d’une couche de glace d’une épaisseur moyenne d’1,6 km. C’est pourquoi la morphologie du sous-sol antarctique reste encore peu connue voire inconnue, alors que petit à petit se dévoile la présence de lacs subglaciaires et de chaînes de montagnes subglaciaires comme celle de Gamburtsev.

L’Antarctique est le continent le plus froid, le plus sec et le plus venteux. Puisqu’il n’y tombe que peu de précipitations, excepté sur ses parties côtières où elles sont de l’ordre de 200 mm par an, l’intérieur du continent constitue techniquement le plus grand désertdu monde. Il n’y a pas d’habitat humain permanent et l’Antarctique n’a jamais connu de population indigène. Seuls des plantes et des animaux adaptés au froid, au manque de lumière et à l’aridité y survivent, comme des manchots, des phoques, des poissons, des crustacés, des mousses, des lichens et de nombreux types d’algues.

Le nom « Antarctique » vient du grec ἀνταρκτικός (antarktikós), qui signifie « opposé à l’Arctique ». Bien que des mythes et des spéculations concernant une Terra Australis (« Terre Australe ») remontent à l’Antiquité, le continent ne sera aperçu pour la première fois qu’en 1820 par l’expédition russe de Mikhaïl Lazarev et Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. Cependant le continent suscita peu d’intérêt jusqu’à la fin du xix^e siècle, principalement en raison de son environnement hostile, de son manque supposé de ressources naturelles et de son isolement géographique.

À la suite du traité sur l’Antarctique signé en 1959 par douze États et suivi en 1991 par le protocole de Madrid, ce continent acquiert un statut particulier : les activités militaires y sont interdites ainsi que l’exploitation des ressources minérales sauf celles qui sont menées à des fins scientifiques. Les signataires accordent la priorité aux activités de recherche scientifique. Les expériences en cours sont effectuées par plus de 4 000 scientifiques de diverses nationalités et ayant des intérêts différents. Considéré comme une réserve naturelle, le continent est protégé par la Convention sur la conservation de la faune et la flore marines de l’Antarctique (CCAMLR) et divers accords internationaux sur la protection de la biodiversité et sur la restriction dutourisme.

Chelsea Hotel # 1

I remember you well in the Chelsea Hotel,
You were talking so brave and so free.
Giving me head on the unmade bed
While the limousines wait in the street
And those were the reasons and that was New York,
I was running for the money and the flesh
That was called love for the workers in song,
It still is for those of us left.
But you got away, didn't you, baby?
You just threw it all to the crowd.
You got away, they can't pay you now
For making your sweet little song.

I remember you well in the Chelsea Hotel,
In the winter of 67.
My friends of that year they were all trying to go queer  
And me I was just getting even
And those were the reasons and that was New York,
I was running for the money and the flesh
That was called love for the workers in song,
It still is for those of us left.
But you got away, didn't you, baby?
You just threw it all to the crowd.
You got away, they can't pay you now
For making your sweet little song.

Chelsea Hotel # 2

I remember you well in the Chelsea Hotel,
you were talking so brave and so sweet,
giving me head on the unmade bed,
while the limousines wait in the street.
Those were the reasons and that was New York,
we were running for the money and the flesh.
And that was called love for the workers in song
probably still is for those of them left.

Ah but you got away, didn't you babe,
you just turned your back on the crowd,
you got away, I never once heard you say,
I need you, I don't need you,
I need you, I don't need you
and all of that jiving around.

I remember you well in the Chelsea Hotel
you were famous, your heart was a legend.
You told me again you preferred handsome men
but for me you would make an exception.
And clenching your fist for the ones like us
who are oppressed by the figures of beauty,
you fixed yourself, you said, "Well never mind,
we are ugly but we have the music."

And then you got away, didn't you babe...

I don't mean to suggest that I loved you the best,
I can't keep track of each fallen robin.
I remember you well in the Chelsea Hotel,
that's all, I don't even think of you that often.

Frère Jacques

Brother Jacques, brother Jacques
Are you sleeping? are you sleeping?
Sound (the bells) for matins! Sound (the bells) for matins!
Ding, dang, dong. Ding, dang, dong.

Erlkönig

Who rides there so late through the night dark and drear?
The father it is, with his infant so dear;
He holdeth the boy tightly clasp’d in his arm,
He holdeth him safely, he keepeth him warm.

“My son, wherefore seek’st thou thy face thus to hide?”
“Look, father, the Erl King is close by our side!
Dost see not the Erl King, with crown and with train?”
“My son, ‘tis the mist rising over the plain.”

“Oh, come, thou dear infant! oh come thou with me!
For many a game I will play there with thee;
On my beach, lovely flowers their blossoms unfold,
My mother shall grace thee with garments of gold.”

“My father, my father, and dost thou not hear
The words that the Erl King now breathes in mine ear?”
“Be calm, dearest child, thy fancy deceives;
the wind is sighing through withering leaves.”

“Wilt go, then, dear infant, wilt go with me there?
My daughters shall tend thee with sisterly care
My daughters by night on the dance floor you lead,
They’ll cradle and rock thee, and sing thee to sleep.”

“My father, my father, and dost thou not see,
How the Erl King is showing his daughters to me?”
“My darling, my darling, I see it alright,
‘Tis the aged grey willows deceiving thy sight.”

“I love thee, I’m charm’d by thy beauty, dear boy!
And if thou aren’t willing, then force I’ll employ.”
“My father, my father, he seizes me fast,
For sorely the Erl King has hurt me at last.”

The father now gallops, with terror half wild,
He holds in his arms the shuddering child;
He reaches his farmstead with toil and dread,—
The child in his arms lies motionless, dead.